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1 comptes rendus
гл.биол. Труды (научного учреждения, C.R.) -
2 comptes rendus
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3 Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences
гл.биол. Труды Академии наук (периодическое издание, C.R. Ac. Sci.)Французско-русский универсальный словарь > Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences
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4 Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences
biol. C.R.Ac.Sci. (периодическое издание)Dictionnaire russe-français universel > Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences
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5 Notre revue en donne des comptes-rendus réguliers.
Notre revue en donne des comptes-rendus réguliers.Náš časopis o tom referuje pravidelně.Dictionnaire français-tchèque > Notre revue en donne des comptes-rendus réguliers.
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6 rédacteur de comptes rendus analytiques
[dans le secteur privé: procès-verbaliste] précis writerDictionnaire juridique, politique, économique et financier > rédacteur de comptes rendus analytiques
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7 patient reportings
comptes rendus de patients -
8 compte-rendu
[kɔ̃tʀɑ̃dy]Nom masculin(pluriel: comptes-rendus)relatório masculino* * *[kɔ̃tʀɑ̃dy]Nom masculin(pluriel: comptes-rendus)relatório masculino -
9 compte-rendu
[kɔ̃tʀɑ̃dy]Nom masculin(pluriel: comptes-rendus)relatório masculino* * *compte-rendu kɔ̃tʀɑ̃dy]nome masculinocompte-rendu d'un voyagerelato de uma viagemfaire un compte-rendufazer uma acta, uma recensãocompte-rendu d'un livreanálise de um livro -
10 compte(-)rendu
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11 Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1 September 1865 Ouillins, Rhône, Franced. 25 November 1945 Paris, France[br]French metallurgist, originator of the Charpy pendulum impact method of testing metals.[br]After graduating in chemistry from the Ecole Polytechnique in 1887, Charpy continued to work there on the physical chemistry of solutions for his doctorate. He joined the Laboratoire d'Artillerie de la Marine in 1892 and began to study the structure and mechanical properties of various steels in relation to their previous heat treatment. His first memoir, on the mechanical properties of steels quenched from various temperatures, was published in 1892 on the advice of Henri Le Chatelier. He joined the Compagnie de Chatillon Commentry Fourchamboult et Decazeville at their steelworks in Imphy in 1898, shortly after the discovery of Invar by G.E. Guillaume. Most of the alloys required for this investigation had been prepared at Imphy, and their laboratories were therefore well equipped with sensitive and refined dilatometric facilities. Charpy and his colleague L.Grenet utilized this technique in many of their earlier investigations, which were largely concerned with the transformation points of steel. He began to study the magnetic characteristics of silicon steels in 1902, shortly after their use as transformer laminations had first been proposed by Hadfield and his colleagues in 1900. Charpy was the first to show that the magnetic hysteresis of these alloys decreased rapidly as their grain size increased.The first details of Charpy's pendulum impact testing machine were published in 1901, about two years before Izod read his paper to the British Association. As with Izod's machine, the energy of fracture was measured by the retardation of the pendulum. Charpy's test pieces, however, unlike those of Izod, were in the form of centrally notched beams, freely supported at each end against rigid anvils. This arrangement, it was believed, transmitted less energy to the frame of the machine and allowed the energy of fracture to be more accurately measured. In practice, however, the blow of the pendulum in the Charpy test caused visible distortion in the specimen as a whole. Both tests were still widely used in the 1990s.In 1920 Charpy left Imphy to become Director-General of the Compagnie des Aciéries de la Marine et Homecourt. After his election to the Académie des Sciences in 1918, he came to be associated with Floris Osmond and Henri Le Chatelier as one of the founders of the "French School of Physical Metallurgy". Around the turn of the century he had contributed much to the development of the metallurgical microscope and had helped to introduce the Chatelier thermocouple into the laboratory and to industry. He also popularized the use of platinum-wound resistance furnaces for laboratory purposes. After 1920 his industrial responsibilities increased greatly, although he continued to devote much of his time to teaching at the Ecole Supérieure des Mines in Paris, and at the Ecole Polytechnique. His first book, Leçons de Chimie (1892, Paris), was written at the beginning of his career, in association with H.Gautier. His last, Notions élémentaires de sidérurgie (1946, Paris), with P.Pingault as co-author, was published posthumously.[br]BibliographyCharpy published important metallurgical papers in Comptes rendus… Académie des Sciences, Paris.Further ReadingR.Barthélémy, 1947, "Notice sur la vie et l'oeuvre de Georges Charpy", Notices et discours, Académie des Sciences, Paris (June).M.Caullery, 1945, "Annonce du décès de M.G. Charpy" Comptes rendus Académie des Sciences, Paris 221:677.P.G.Bastien, 1963, "Microscopic metallurgy in France prior to 1920", Sorby Centennial Symposium on the History of Metallurgy, AIME Metallurgical Society Conference Vol.27, pp. 171–88.ASDBiographical history of technology > Charpy, Augustin Georges Albert
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12 Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
[br]b. 15 February 1861 Fleurier, Switzerlandd. 13 June 1938 Sèvres, France[br]Swiss physicist who developed two alloys, "invar" and "elinvar", used for the temperature compensation of clocks and watches.[br]Guillaume came from a family of clock-and watchmakers. He was educated at the Gymnasium in Neuchâtel and at Zurich Polytechnic, from which he received his doctorate in 1883 for a thesis on electrolytic capacitors. In the same year he joined the International Bureau of Weights and Measures at Sèvres in France, where he was to spend the rest of his working life. He retired as Director in 1936. At the bureau he was involved in distributing the national standards of the metre to countries subscribing to the General Conference on Weights and Measures that had been held in 1889. This made him aware of the crucial effect of thermal expansion on the lengths of the standards and he was prompted to look for alternative materials that would be less costly than the platinum alloys which had been used. While studying nickel steels he made the surprising discovery that the thermal expansion of certain alloy compositions was less than that of the constituent metals. This led to the development of a steel containing about 36 per cent nickel that had a very low thermal coefficient of expansion. This alloy was subsequently named "invar", an abbreviation of invariable. It was well known that changes in temperature affected the timekeeping of clocks by altering the length of the pendulum, and various attempts had been made to overcome this defect, most notably the mercury-compensated pendulum of Graham and the gridiron pendulum of Harrison. However, an invar pendulum offered a simpler and more effective method of temperature compensation and was used almost exclusively for pendulum clocks of the highest precision.Changes in temperature can also affect the timekeeping of watches and chronometers, but this is due mainly to changes in the elasticity or stiffness of the balance spring rather than to changes in the size of the balance itself. To compensate for this effect Guillaume developed another more complex nickel alloy, "elinvar" (elasticity invariable), whose elasticity remained almost constant with changes in temperature. This had two practical consequences: the construction of watches could be simplified (by using monometallic balances) and more accurate chronometers could be made.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics 1920. Corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences. Grand Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. Physical Society Duddell Medal 1928. British Horological Institute Gold Medal 1930.Bibliography1897, "Sur la dilation des aciers au nickel", Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 124:176.1903, "Variations du module d"élasticité des aciers au nickel', Comptes rendushebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences 136:498."Les aciers au nickel et leurs applications à l'horlogerie", in J.Grossmann, Horlogerie théorique, Paris, Vol. II, pp. 361–414 (describes the application of invar and elinvar to horology).Sir Richard Glazebrook (ed.), 1923 "Invar and Elinvar", Dictionary of Applied Physics, 5 vols, London, Vol. V, pp. 320–7 (a succinct account in English).Further ReadingR.M.Hawthorne, 1989, Nobel Prize Winners, Physics, 1901–1937, ed. F.N.Magill, Pasadena, Salem Press, pp. 244–51.See also: Le Roy, PierreDVBiographical history of technology > Guillaume, Charles-Edouard
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13 compte rendu
تقرير [taq'riːr] m* * *تقرير [taq'riːr] m -
14 resoconto
resoconto s.m. 1. ( relazione) compte rendu, rapport: resoconti parlamentari comptes rendus parlementaires. 2. ( rendiconto) relevé de comptes. -
15 реферативный
d'analyse, d'exposé -
16 compte rendu
nm[voyage] account, [incident] report, [film, livre] reviewSee:* * *compte rendu, pl comptes rendus nm (de débat, travaux, d'événement) report; (d'article, de livre) review; faire le compte rendu de to report on [débat, travaux]; to review [article, livre]; faire un compte rendu rapide/détaillé de to give a brief/detailed report on [débat, événement]; to give a short/detailed review of [livre, thèse]. -
17 minute-writer
1) Pol., Conf. rédacteur de comptes rendus2) Jur. procès- verbalisteEnglish-French dictionary of law, politics, economics & finance > minute-writer
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18 precis writer
Conf. rédacteur de comptes rendus analytiques; dans le secteur privé: procès-verbalisteEnglish-French dictionary of law, politics, economics & finance > precis writer
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19 C.R.
сущ.1) биол. comptes rendus (научного учреждения)2) тех. cadran du radiogoniomètre, capacité de réservoir, centralisation de renseignements, centre de radar, centre de rassemblement, compteur de radiation3) радио. contre-réaction4) маш. calcul de résistance, compte rendu, convoyeur à raclettes -
20 C.R.Ac.Sci.
сущ.биол. Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des sciences (периодическое издание)
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